You Searched For: Lipopolysaccharides

Catalog Number: (75789-712)

Supplier: Prosci

Description: CD5 Antigen-Like (CD5L) is a soluble protein that belongs to group B of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) superfamily and contains three SRCR domains. CD5L is a secreted glycoprotein and expressed by macrophages presentin lymphoid tissues. It binds to myelomonocytic and lymphoid cells and may play an important role in the regulation of the innate and adaptive immune systems. CD5L functions as a pattern recognition molecule by binding both lipoteichoic acid (LTA) on Gram positive and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on Gram-negative bacteria and the SRCR domain one of CD5L retains both the LPS and LTA binding activities. Furthermore, CD5L seems to play a role as an inhibitor of apoptosis.

Catalog Number: (76194-476)

Supplier: Prosci

Description: It recognizes a protein of 72 kDa, which is identified as MMP2. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a family of peptidase enzymes responsible for the degradation of extracellular matrix components, including collagen, gelatin, Fibronectin, Laminin and proteoglycan. Transcription of MMP genes is differentially activated by phorbol ester, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). MMP catalysis requires both calcium and zinc. MMP2 (also designated type IV collagenase) cleaves collagen types IV,V, VII and X and gelatin type I. Activation of MMP2 secretion requires the Ras signaling pathway.

Catalog Number: (75841-754)

Supplier: BIOGEMS INTERNATIONAL INC.

Description: The 61D3 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with CD14, a cell surface anchored glycoprotein that is primarily expressed on monocytes, inerfollicular macrophages, and a subset of dendritic cells. CD14 associates with MD-2 (LY-96) and TLR4 to form a receptor complex, which signals specifically in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding. The CD14/MD-2/TLR4 receptor complex signals via MyD88, TIRAP, and TRAF6, and ultimately activates NF-kappaB.

Catalog Number: (10749-552)

Supplier: Prosci

Description: TLR4 Antibody: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are signaling molecules that recognize different microbial products during infection and serve as an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. These proteins act through adaptor molecules such as MyD88 and TIRAP to activate various kinases and transcription factors such as Protein Kinase C (PKC) alpha/beta and NF-kappa B. Studies with TLR4-deficient mice indicate that the main ligand for TLR is lipopolysaccharide. Consequently, these mice also showed increased susceptibility to Gram-negative sepsis.

Catalog Number: (76193-898)

Supplier: Prosci

Description: Recognizes a protein of 55kDa, identified as Cluster of Differentiation 14 (also known lipopolysaccharide receptor or LPSR). CD14 is expressed strongly on monocytes and macrophage and weakly on the surface of neutrophils. It is anchored to cells by linkage to glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) and functions as a high affinity receptor for complexes of LPS and LPS binding protein (LBP). Soluble CD14, also binding to LPS, acts at physiological concentration as an LPS agonist and has, at higher concentrations, an LPS antagonizing effect in cell activation.

Catalog Number: (10750-884)

Supplier: Prosci

Description: ZC3H12B Antibody: ZC3H12B, also known as MCPIP2, is a member of a family of novel CCCH-zinc finger proteins that regulate macrophage activation and may be involved in host immunity and inflammatory diseases. The function of ZC3H12B is not well understood. Unlike other members of the ZC3H12 family, ZC3H12B has a RasGEF domain at the C-terminal of the zinc finger motif, suggesting its potential involvement in Ras-mediated signal transduction. It is highly expressed in brain, thymus, and testis, but unlike ZC3H12A and ZC3H12C, not expressed in macrophages after treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Catalog Number: (75934-276)

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Description: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are signaling molecules that recognize different microbial products during infection and serve as an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. These proteins act through adaptor molecules such as MyD88 and TIRAP to activate various kinases and transcription factors such as Protein Kinase C (PKC) alpha/beta and NF-kB. Studies with TLR4-deficient mice indicate that the main ligand for TLR is lipopolysaccharide. Consequently, these mice also showed increased susceptibility to Gram-negative sepsis.

Catalog Number: (10461-354)

Supplier: Bioss

Description: Enhances caspase-9-mediated apoptosis. Induces NF-kappa-B activity via RIPK2 and IKK-gamma. Confers responsiveness to intracellular bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Forms an intracellular sensing system along with ARHGEF2 for the detection of microbial effectors during cell invasion by pathogens. Required for RHOA and RIPK2 dependent NF-kappa-B signaling pathway activation upon S.flexneri cell invasion. Involved not only in sensing peptidoglycan (PGN)-derived muropeptides but also in the activation of NF-kappa-B by Shigella effector proteins IpgB2 and OspB. Recruits NLRP10 to the cell membrane following bacterial infection.

Catalog Number: (10748-442)

Supplier: Prosci

Description: Caspase-5 Antibody: Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases that can be divided into the apoptotic and inflammatory caspase subfamilies. Unlike the apoptotic caspases, members of the inflammatory subfamily are generally not involved in cell death but are associated with the immune response to microbial pathogens. Members of this subfamily include caspase-1, -4, -5, and -12. Activation of these caspases results in the cleavage and activation of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1beta ; and IL-18. Caspase-5 can interact with caspase-1; both are constituents of the NALP1 inflammasome, a complex that can trigger the cleavage of pro-IL-1beta ;. Expression of caspase-5 can be regulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IFN-gamma.

Catalog Number: (10252-754)

Supplier: Bioss

Description: ESE-1, a member of the Ets family of transcription factors, critically regulates epithelial cell differentiation and mediates vascular inflammation. ESE-1 is strongly expressed in vascular endothelium and smooth muscle cells where it is induced in response to inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharides, interacts with NF-KappaB to induce nitric oxide synthase, and is induced during terminal differentiation of epidermal and primary keratinocytes. In addition, ESE-1 is upregulated upon differentiation of corneal epithelium and interacts with Sp1 and AP-1 proteins to induce squamous differentiation marker expression in bronchial epithelial cells.

Catalog Number: (10252-758)

Supplier: Bioss

Description: ESE-1, a member of the Ets family of transcription factors, critically regulates epithelial cell differentiation and mediates vascular inflammation. ESE-1 is strongly expressed in vascular endothelium and smooth muscle cells where it is induced in response to inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharides, interacts with NF-KappaB to induce nitric oxide synthase, and is induced during terminal differentiation of epidermal and primary keratinocytes. In addition, ESE-1 is upregulated upon differentiation of corneal epithelium and interacts with Sp1 and AP-1 proteins to induce squamous differentiation marker expression in bronchial epithelial cells.

Catalog Number: (10391-634)

Supplier: Bioss

Description: IRGM belongs to a family of interferon-gamma inducible GTPases, belonging to the GTPase superfamily, and are selectively induced by IFN-gamma or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. IRGM is primarily expressed in all cells derived from B-cell lineages, and is highly expressed in macrophages following IFN-gamma stimulation. IRGM has been shown to be required for host defences against a broad range of intracellular pathogens. Specifically, IRGM deficient mice show defects with intracellular microbial killing, phagosome maturation and autophagy. More recently IRGM has been shown to inhibit baseline hematopoietic proliferation and is required for a normal hematopoietic stem cell response to chemical and infectious stimuli.

Catalog Number: (100243-586)

Supplier: Southern Biotechnology

Description: CD54, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface receptors and also known as Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1), is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates important cell/cell interactions. CD54 is expressed on endothelial cells, dendritic cells, keratinocytes, and lymphocytes. Its expression is upregulated by inflammatory mediators such as IFN γ, IL-1, TNF-α, lipopolysaccharide, and phorbol esters. Endothelial CD54 contributes to the extravasation of leukocytes from blood vessels, particularly in areas of inflammation. CD54 on antigen-presenting cells contributes to antigen-specific T-cell activation, presumably by enhancing interactions between T cell and antigen-presenting cells. These adhesion reactions are mediated via the binding of CD54 to its major ligands, LFA-1 and Mac-1.

Catalog Number: (89358-550)

Supplier: Genetex

Description: For background information on chemokines, see CXCL1 (MIM 155730). Stromal cell-derived factors 1-alpha and 1-beta are small cytokines that belong to the intercrine family, members of which activate leukocytes and are often induced by proinflammatory stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide, TNF (see MIM 191160), or IL1 (see MIM 147760). The intercrines are characterized by the presence of 4 conserved cysteines which form 2 disulfide bonds. They can be classified into 2 subfamilies. In the CC subfamily, which includes beta chemokine, the cysteine residues are adjacent to each other. In the CXC subfamily, which includes alpha chemokine, they are separated by an intervening amino acid. The SDF1 proteins belong to the latter group.[supplied by OMIM]

Catalog Number: (10752-254)

Supplier: Prosci

Description: MD-2 Monoclonal Antibody: MD-2 is a member of the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) family, a group of proteins that include the Toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLRs are signaling molecules that recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and serve as an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. TLR4, the major signaling receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS), requires the binding of MD-2 to its extracellular region for maximal response to LPS. The specificity of this response is determined by the species of MD-2; e.g., human MD-2 transfected into mouse cells can cause mouse TLR4 to react to LPS analogs that are normally antagonistic to human but not mouse TLR4.

Catalog Number: (75791-130)

Supplier: Prosci

Description: Apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) is a secreted protein which belongs to the Apolipoprotein A1/A4/E family. APOA1 is the major protein component of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in plasma. APOA1 plays a critical role in various biological processes, such as Cholesterol metabolism, Lipid metabolism and transport, Steroid metabolism. APOA1 promotes cholesterol efflux from tissues to the liver and thus helps to clear cholesterol from arteries. Defects in this gene resulted in HDL deficiencies, including Tangier disease (TGD), systemic non-neuropathic amyloidosis, premature coronary artery disease, hepatosplenomegaly and progressive muscle wasting and weakness. In addition, ApoA-I is implicated in the anti-endotoxin function of HDL via interaction with lipopolysaccharide or endotoxin.