Supplier: VWR International

Description: <p>Growth regulated protein beta (GRO-β), also known as CXCL2, is a chemokine that is secreted by macrophages, neutrophils, and monocytes at sites of inflammation. GRO-β functions as a chemoattractant for leukocytes and hematopoietic stem cells. GRO-β activity is mediated through binding the G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor CXCR2.</p>

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Supplier: VWR International

Description: Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is an important pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine expressed by T cells, macrophages, and muscle cells.  IL-6 signals through a receptor complex containing two receptors, IL-6Rα and gp130.  IL-6 has an important function in promoting fever and can serve to stimulate an immune response to trauma.  IL-6 is often used for growth of hybridoma cell lines.  Human IL-6 is active on mouse and rat cells.  

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Supplier: VWR International

Description: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is an inflammatory cytokine secreted by macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, T cells, and NK-cells following stimulation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). TNF-α signal activation occurs through two receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. TNFR1 is expressed on most cell types, unlike TNFR2, which is expressed mainly on immune cells. TNF-α functions to stimulate phagocytosis in macrophages, chemoattract neutrophils, increase insulin resistance, and induce fever.

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Supplier: VWR International

Description: Interleukin 17E (IL-17E), also known as IL-25, is a member of the IL-17 family of cytokines. IL-17E binds to the IL-17RB receptor to stimulate the secretion of the proinflammatory interleukin 8 (IL-8) chemokine and to induce the activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB).

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Supplier: VWR International

Description: Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B Ligand (RANK Ligand) is a cell-bound marker related to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of proteins. RANK Ligand plays a critical role in bone metabolism and osteoclast differentiation. T cell expression of RANK Ligand promotes dendritic cell maturation.

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Supplier: VWR International

Description: <p>CD40-Ligand, or CD154, is a membrane glycoprotein and differentiation antigen that is expressed on the surface of T cells, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, platelets, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells. CD40-Ligand binds and activates the CD40 receptor on antigen-presenting cells. CD40-Ligand stimulates B cell proliferation, immunoglobulin class switching, and antibody secretion.</p>

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Supplier: VWR International

Description: WNT1-inducible-signaling pathway protein 2 (WISP-2) is a member of the CYR61/CTGF/NOV (CCN) family of regulatory factors. WISP-2 is expressed in ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal lineages, including primary osteoblasts, fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and adipogenic precursor cells. WISP-2 is a canonical WNT ligand that regulates cell proliferation, adhesion, and metastasis. Secreted WISP-2 promotes mesenchymal precursor cell proliferation and maintains them in an undifferentiated state. In bone-forming osteoblasts, WISP-2 promotes osteoblast adhesion and inhibits osteocalcin production.

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Supplier: VWR International

Description: <p>CD40-Ligand, or CD154, is a membrane glycoprotein and differentiation antigen that is expressed on the surface of T cells, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, platelets, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells. CD40-Ligand binds and activates the CD40 receptor on antigen-presenting cells. CD40-Ligand stimulates B cell proliferation, immunoglobulin class switching, and antibody secretion.</p>

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Supplier: VWR International

Description: Activin A is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) family of proteins and functions to stimulate follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion.  Activins are produced in many tissue types including the skin, gonads, lungs, and pituitary gland. Activins interact with receptor type I and type II serine/threonine protein kinases, to activate SMAD signaling and regulate diverse cellular functions, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, wound healing, apoptosis, and metabolism.  Activin A is a homodimer comprised of two activin βA chains. Cleavage of the N-terminal propeptide renders the Activin protein biologically active. Human Activin A shares 100% amino acid sequence identity with mouse, rat, porcine, bovine, and feline Activin A proteins.

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Supplier: VWR International

Description: Galectin-1 belongs to the lectin family of carbohydrate binding proteins and binds glycans as both a monomer and a homodimer. Galectin-1 is produced in peripheral lymphoid organs and inflammatory sites. Galectin-1 plays important roles in acute and chronic inflammatory processes, cell growth, cell proliferation, and induces apoptosis of activated T cells. Galectin-1 also modulates cytokine secretion and inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine production.

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Supplier: VWR International

Description: Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B Ligand (RANK Ligand) is a cell-bound marker related to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of proteins. RANK Ligand plays a critical role in bone metabolism and osteoclast differentiation. T cell expression of RANK Ligand promotes dendritic cell maturation.

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Supplier: VWR International

Description: Nerve growth factor beta (β-NGF) is a neurotrophic factor that is important for the development and maintenance of sensory and sympathetic neurons. β-NGF signals through the low affinity nerve growth factor receptor (LNGFR) and the tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) to activate PI3K, Ras, and PLC signaling pathways. β-NGF is also involved in the growth, differentiation, and survival of B lymphocytes. Human, mouse, and rat β-NGF proteins are cross-reactive. 

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Catalog Number: (77753-616)

Supplier: VWR International

Description: <p>Cytokines for polarizing mouse T cells into Th17 cells. T helper 17 cells (Th17) are a distinct type of T cell subset that are thought to be important in immunity against microbes at the epitilial and mucosal interfaces of the body. Disruption of the regular function or balance of Th17 cells is thought to be involved in several autoimmune diseases and/or opportunistic infections.</p>

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Catalog Number: (77753-602)

Supplier: VWR International

Description: Cytokines for expansion and cell culture of mouse hematopoietic stem cells. Hematopoietic stem cells are self renewing pluripotent cells often characterized by the expression of CD34. Studies have shown that decreased expression of CD34 tends to correlate with decreased self renewal properties and pluripotent potential. Culturing CD34+ cells in a cytokine mixture of TPO, SCF, and FLT-3 Ligand for short time periods allows CD34+ cells to proliferate without decreasing CD34 expression, thus retaining their stem cell properties. The combination of these cytokines allows for the ex vivo expansion of the most immature hematopoietic stem cells in cord blood or bone marrow preparations, but can be supplemented with other cytokines to promote specific lineages.

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Supplier: VWR International

Description: Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT-3 ligand) is a growth factor that regulates hematopoietic cell proliferation. FLT-3 ligand signaling is transmitted through the fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT-3) receptor. FLT-3 ligand promotes the long-term expansion and differentiation of pro-B cells in the presence of interleukin 7 (IL-7) or in combination of IL-7 and interleukin 3 (IL-3).

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Supplier: VWR International

Description: <p>Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF-9) is a mitogen and survival factor for nerve and mesenchymal cells. FGF-9 functions as an autocrine and paracrine factor to support the growth and survival of motor neurons and prostate tissue. FGF-9 expression in the gonad is also necessary for sex determination.</p>

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