You Searched For: Cytosine

Catalog Number: (76099-756)

Supplier: Bioss

Description: DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) which acts as an inhibitor of retrovirus replication and retrotransposon mobility via deaminase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Exhibits potent antiviral activity against vif-deficient HIV-1. After the penetration of retroviral nucleocapsids into target cells of infection and the initiation of reverse transcription, it can induce the conversion of cytosine to uracil in the minus-sense single-strand viral DNA, leading to G-to-A hypermutations in the subsequent plus-strand viral DNA. The resultant detrimental levels of mutations in the proviral genome, along with a deamination-independent mechanism that works prior to the proviral integration, together exert efficient antiretroviral effects in infected target cells. Selectively targets single-stranded DNA and does not deaminate double-stranded DNA or single-or double-stranded RNA. Exhibits antiviral activity also against simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs), hepatitis B virus (HBV), equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), xenotropic MuLV-related virus (XMRV) and simian foamy virus (SFV). May inhibit the mobility of LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons.

Catalog Number: (76195-890)

Supplier: Prosci

Description: This monoclonal antibody is part of a new panel of reagents, which recognizes subcellular organelles or compartments of human cells. These markers may be useful in identification of these organelles in cells, tissues, and biochemical preparations. This mAb recognizes the double stranded DNA in human cells. It can be used to stain the nuclei in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a nuclear marker in human cells. This mAb produces a homogeneous staining pattern in the nucleus of normal and malignant cells.,Double Stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ds DNA) is the genetic material of all cells and many viruses and is a polymer of nucleotides. The monomer consists of phosphorylated 2-deoxyribose N-glycosidically linked to one of four bases, adenine, cytosine, guanine or thymine. These are linked together by 3',5'-phosphodiester bridges. In the Watson-Crick double-helix model, two complementary strands are wound in a right-handed helix and held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.

Catalog Number: (103270-014)

Supplier: Novus Biologicals

Description: The DNMT3B Antibody from Novus Biologicals is a rabbit polyclonal antibody to DNMT3B. This antibody reacts with human. The DNMT3B Antibody has been validated for the following applications: Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry / Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin.

Catalog Number: (10315-960)

Supplier: Bioss

Description: DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) which acts as an inhibitor of retrovirus replication and retrotransposon mobility via deaminase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Exhibits potent antiviral activity against vif-deficient HIV-1. After the penetration of retroviral nucleocapsids into target cells of infection and the initiation of reverse transcription, it can induce the conversion of cytosine to uracil in the minus-sense single-strand viral DNA, leading to G-to-A hypermutations in the subsequent plus-strand viral DNA. The resultant detrimental levels of mutations in the proviral genome, along with a deamination-independent mechanism that works prior to the proviral integration, together exert efficient antiretroviral effects in infected target cells. Selectively targets single-stranded DNA and does not deaminate double-stranded DNA or single-or double-stranded RNA. Exhibits antiviral activity also against simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs), hepatitis B virus (HBV), equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), xenotropic MuLV-related virus (XMRV) and simian foamy virus (SFV). May inhibit the mobility of LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons.

Catalog Number: (103359-630)

Supplier: Novus Biologicals

Description: The DNMT3A Antibody (64B814.1) [DyLight 680] from Novus Biologicals is a mouse monoclonal antibody to DNMT3A. This antibody reacts with human, mouse. The DNMT3A Antibody (64B814.1) [DyLight 680] has been validated for the following applications: Western Blot, Immunocytochemistry / Immunofluorescence, Flow (Intracellular).

Catalog Number: (103272-344)

Supplier: Novus Biologicals

Description: The DNMT3A Antibody from Novus Biologicals is a rabbit polyclonal antibody to DNMT3A. This antibody reacts with human, mouse, rat. The DNMT3A Antibody has been validated for the following applications: Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry / Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin.

Catalog Number: (10799-862)

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Description: The 5-methylcytosine antibody (clone 33D3) is the most published and widely used antibody for DNA methylation analysis. Anti-5mC is ideal for research in Epigenetics due to its applicability to DNA methylation analysis.

Supplier: Biotium

Description: This monoclonal antibody is part of a new panel of reagents, which recognizes subcellular organelles or compartments of human cells. These markers may be useful in identification of these organelles in cells, tissues, and biochemical preparations. This MAb recognizes the double stranded DNA in human cells. It can be used to stain the nuclei in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a nuclear marker in human cells. This MAb produces a homogeneous staining pattern in the nucleus of normal and malignant cells.,Double Stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ds DNA) is the genetic material of all cells and many viruses and is a polymer of nucleotides. The monomer consists of phosphorylated 2-deoxyribose N-glycosidically linked to one of four bases, adenine, cytosine, guanine or thymine. These are linked together by 3',5'-phosphodiester bridges. In the Watson-Crick double-helix model, two complementary strands are wound in a right-handed helix and held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.

CF® dyes are Biotium's next-generation fluorescent dyes. CF®568 is a red fluorescent dye (Ex/Em 562/583 nm) with superior brightness and photostability. It also is compatible with super-resolution imaging by STORM and TIRF.

Catalog Number: (10432-762)

Supplier: Bioss

Description: This gene encodes a member of the estrogen receptor-related receptor (ESRR) family, which belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. All members of the ESRR family share an almost identical DNA binding domain, which is composed of two C4-type zinc finger motifs. The ESRR members are orphan nuclear receptors; they bind to the estrogen response element and steroidogenic factor 1 response element, and activate genes controlled by both response elements in the absence of any ligands. The ESRR family is closely related to the estrogen receptor (ER) family. They share target genes, co-regulators and promoters, and by targeting the same set of genes, the ESRRs seem to interfere with the ER-mediated estrogen response in various ways. It has been reported that the family member encoded by this gene functions as a transcriptional activator of DNA cytosine-5-methyltransferases 1 (Dnmt1) expression by direct binding to its response elements in the DNMT1 promoters, modulates cell proliferation and estrogen signaling in breast cancer, and negatively regulates bone morphogenetic protein 2-induced osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified, which mainly differ at the 5' end and some of which encode protein isoforms differing in the N-terminal region.

Catalog Number: (10315-962)

Supplier: Bioss

Description: DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) which acts as an inhibitor of retrovirus replication and retrotransposon mobility via deaminase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Exhibits potent antiviral activity against vif-deficient HIV-1. After the penetration of retroviral nucleocapsids into target cells of infection and the initiation of reverse transcription, it can induce the conversion of cytosine to uracil in the minus-sense single-strand viral DNA, leading to G-to-A hypermutations in the subsequent plus-strand viral DNA. The resultant detrimental levels of mutations in the proviral genome, along with a deamination-independent mechanism that works prior to the proviral integration, together exert efficient antiretroviral effects in infected target cells. Selectively targets single-stranded DNA and does not deaminate double-stranded DNA or single-or double-stranded RNA. Exhibits antiviral activity also against simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs), hepatitis B virus (HBV), equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), xenotropic MuLV-related virus (XMRV) and simian foamy virus (SFV). May inhibit the mobility of LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons.

Catalog Number: (10282-574)

Supplier: Bioss

Description: APOBEC proteins inhibit retroviruses by deaminating cytosine residues of viral RNA and DNA. The seven APOBEC3 genes or pseudogenes are found in a cluster thought to result from gene duplication on chromosome 22. Like APOBEC3G, APOBEC3F deaminates deoxycytosine to deoxyuracil in the minus strand of HIV-1 DNA, resulting in G to A hypermutation in the plus strand of DNA. Thus, APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F provide a mechanism for innate immunity to retroviruses, and are also likely contribute to sequence variation observed in many viruses. Viral infectivity factor (Vif) imparts APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F resistance to HIV through impaired translation of their mRNA and accelerated posttranslational degradation of the APOBEC3 proteins by the 26S proteasome. Interestingly, HIV-1 Vif cannot form a complex with APOBEC3G or APOBEC3F of mouse origin as it does with the human protein, and thus mouse APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F function as a potent inhibitors of wildtype HIV-1 replication, where human APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F are only able to inhibit Vif-deficient HIV-1 replication. This implies that induction of APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F activity or a method of blocking their interaction with Vif may provide a method for therapeutic intervention.

Catalog Number: (10432-988)

Supplier: Bioss

Description: This gene encodes a member of the estrogen receptor-related receptor (ESRR) family, which belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. All members of the ESRR family share an almost identical DNA binding domain, which is composed of two C4-type zinc finger motifs. The ESRR members are orphan nuclear receptors; they bind to the estrogen response element and steroidogenic factor 1 response element, and activate genes controlled by both response elements in the absence of any ligands. The ESRR family is closely related to the estrogen receptor (ER) family. They share target genes, co-regulators and promoters, and by targeting the same set of genes, the ESRRs seem to interfere with the ER-mediated estrogen response in various ways. It has been reported that the family member encoded by this gene functions as a transcriptional activator of DNA cytosine-5-methyltransferases 1 (Dnmt1) expression by direct binding to its response elements in the DNMT1 promoters, modulates cell proliferation and estrogen signaling in breast cancer, and negatively regulates bone morphogenetic protein 2-induced osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified, which mainly differ at the 5' end and some of which encode protein isoforms differing in the N-terminal region.

Catalog Number: (10432-992)

Supplier: Bioss

Description: This gene encodes a member of the estrogen receptor-related receptor (ESRR) family, which belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. All members of the ESRR family share an almost identical DNA binding domain, which is composed of two C4-type zinc finger motifs. The ESRR members are orphan nuclear receptors; they bind to the estrogen response element and steroidogenic factor 1 response element, and activate genes controlled by both response elements in the absence of any ligands. The ESRR family is closely related to the estrogen receptor (ER) family. They share target genes, co-regulators and promoters, and by targeting the same set of genes, the ESRRs seem to interfere with the ER-mediated estrogen response in various ways. It has been reported that the family member encoded by this gene functions as a transcriptional activator of DNA cytosine-5-methyltransferases 1 (Dnmt1) expression by direct binding to its response elements in the DNMT1 promoters, modulates cell proliferation and estrogen signaling in breast cancer, and negatively regulates bone morphogenetic protein 2-induced osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified, which mainly differ at the 5' end and some of which encode protein isoforms differing in the N-terminal region.

Catalog Number: (10280-380)

Supplier: Bioss

Description: APOBEC proteins inhibit retroviruses by deaminating cytosine residues of viral RNA and DNA. The seven APOBEC3 genes or pseudogenes are found in a cluster thought to result from gene duplication on chromosome 22. Like APOBEC3G, APOBEC3F deaminates deoxycytosine to deoxyuracil in the minus strand of HIV-1 DNA, resulting in G to A hypermutation in the plus strand of DNA. Thus, APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F provide a mechanism for innate immunity to retroviruses, and are also likely contribute to sequence variation observed in many viruses. Viral infectivity factor (Vif) imparts APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F resistance to HIV through impaired translation of their mRNA and accelerated posttranslational degradation of the APOBEC3 proteins by the 26S proteasome. Interestingly, HIV-1 Vif cannot form a complex with APOBEC3G or APOBEC3F of mouse origin as it does with the human protein, and thus mouse APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F function as a potent inhibitors of wildtype HIV-1 replication, where human APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F are only able to inhibit Vif-deficient HIV-1 replication. This implies that induction of APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F activity or a method of blocking their interaction with Vif may provide a method for therapeutic intervention.

Catalog Number: (75924-316)

Supplier: Biotium

Description: This MAb recognizes the double stranded DNA in human cells. It can be used to stain the nuclei in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a nuclear marker in human cells. This MAb produces a homogeneous staining pattern in the nucleus of normal and malignant cells. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that stores long-term information regarding the development and function of all known living organisms. DNA consists of two long nucleotide polymers, which are composed of four bases, namely adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine, all of which are flanked by a phosphate-deoxyribose backbone. Normally, DNA exists as a double-stranded (ds) molecule that forms in the shape of a double helix, allowing the bases and the backbone of the two strands to interact, thus forming a polynucleotide. When the double helix is unwound (either by enzymes or heat), DNA exists as a single-stranded (ss) molecule that is less stable than the double helix, but is necessary for protein access to DNA bases. Double stranded DNA markers are useful tools in biology research and aid in the study of DNA behavior and characteristics.

Supplier: Biotium

Description: This MAb recognizes the double stranded DNA in human cells. It can be used to stain the nuclei in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a nuclear marker in human cells. This MAb produces a homogeneous staining pattern in the nucleus of normal and malignant cells. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that stores long-term information regarding the development and function of all known living organisms. DNA consists of two long nucleotide polymers, which are composed of four bases, namely adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine, all of which are flanked by a phosphate-deoxyribose backbone. Normally, DNA exists as a double-stranded (ds) molecule that forms in the shape of a double helix, allowing the bases and the backbone of the two strands to interact, thus forming a polynucleotide. When the double helix is unwound (either by enzymes or heat), DNA exists as a single-stranded (ss) molecule that is less stable than the double helix, but is necessary for protein access to DNA bases. Double stranded DNA markers are useful tools in biology research and aid in the study of DNA behavior and characteristics.