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Supplier: Adipogen
Description: TRAIL-R2 (DR5; CD262) is a receptor for the cytotoxic ligand TRAIL. The adapter molecule FADD recruits caspase-8 to the activated receptor. The resulting death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs caspase-8 proteolytic activation which initiates the subsequent cascade of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases) mediating apoptosis. Promotes the activation of NF-kappaB.

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Catalog Number: (10232-188)
Supplier: Bioss
Description: Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. Cleaves poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in vitro, as well as lamins. Overexpression promotes programmed cell death.


Catalog Number: (10107-418)
Supplier: Prosci
Description: The AATF gene encodes a protein that was identified on the basis of its interaction with MAP3K12/DLK, a protein kinase known to be involved in the induction of cell apoptosis. This gene product contains a leucine zipper, which is a characteristic motif of transcription factors, and was shown to exhibit strong transactivation activity when fused to Gal4 DNA binding domain. Overexpression of this gene interfered with MAP3K12 induced apoptosis.The protein encoded by this gene was identified on the basis of its interaction with MAP3K12/DLK, a protein kinase known to be involved in the induction of cell apoptosis. This gene product contains a leucine zipper, which is a characteristic motif of transcription factors, and was shown to exhibit strong transactivation activity when fused to Gal4 DNA binding domain. Overexpression of this gene interfered with MAP3K12 induced apoptosis.


Catalog Number: (102512-932)
Supplier: Adipogen
Description: Human CD95 (APO-1; Fas) is a type I cell surface glycoprotein that is strongly upregulated on activated T cells, B cells, NK cells and thymocytes. CD95 plays an important role in programmed cell death or apoptosis. Apoptosis appears to be a mechanism for regulating the immune response.

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Catalog Number: (89146-820)
Supplier: Enzo Life Sciences
Description: Potent, reversible proteasome inhibitor. Specifically inhibits the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome. Has been shown to induce apoptosis in Rat-1 and PC12 cells via a p53-dependent pathway.The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy serve as two complementary, reciprocally regulated protein degradation systems, thus blockade of UPS by MG-115 activates autophagy.


Catalog Number: (10800-098)
Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical
Description: Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascades are activated in response to various extracellular stimuli, including cytokines, growth factors and environmental stresses. A novel MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) was recently identified and designated ASK1 (for apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1) and MAPKKK5. ASK1 activated two different subgroups of MAPKK, MKK4 and MKK6, which in turn activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAP kinase, respectively. ASK1/MAPKKK5 is activated by TNFR and Fas through the interaction with members of the TRAF family and Fas-associated protein Daxx. Overexpression of ASK1 induced apoptotic cell death, and a catalytically inactive form of ASK1 inhibited TNF-a-induced apoptosis. ASK1 is expressed in variety of human and mouse tissues.


Catalog Number: (10236-532)
Supplier: Bioss
Description: Induces susceptibility to atherosclerosis (By similarity). Cell adhesion molecule which is required for leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) under most inflammatory conditions. Tyr-69 plays a critical role in TEM and is required for efficient trafficking of PECAM1 to and from the lateral border recycling compartment (LBRC) and is also essential for the LBRC membrane to be targeted around migrating leukocytes. Prevents phagocyte ingestion of closely apposed viable cells by transmitting 'detachment' signals, and changes function on apoptosis, promoting tethering of dying cells to phagocytes (the encounter of a viable cell with a phagocyte via the homophilic interaction of PECAM1 on both cell surfaces leads to the viable cell's active repulsion from the phagocyte. During apoptosis, the inside-out signaling of PECAM1 is somehow disabled so that the apoptotic cell does not actively reject the phagocyte anymore. The lack of this repulsion signal together with the interaction of the eat-me signals and their respective receptors causes the attachment of the apoptotic cell to the phagocyte, thus triggering the process of engulfment). Isoform Delta15 is unable to protect against apoptosis. Modulates BDKRB2 activation. Regulates bradykinin- and hyperosmotic shock-induced ERK1/2 activation in human umbilical cord vein cells (HUVEC).


Catalog Number: (10234-930)
Supplier: Bioss
Description: Induces susceptibility to atherosclerosis (By similarity). Cell adhesion molecule which is required for leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) under most inflammatory conditions. Tyr-69 plays a critical role in TEM and is required for efficient trafficking of PECAM1 to and from the lateral border recycling compartment (LBRC) and is also essential for the LBRC membrane to be targeted around migrating leukocytes. Prevents phagocyte ingestion of closely apposed viable cells by transmitting 'detachment' signals, and changes function on apoptosis, promoting tethering of dying cells to phagocytes (the encounter of a viable cell with a phagocyte via the homophilic interaction of PECAM1 on both cell surfaces leads to the viable cell's active repulsion from the phagocyte. During apoptosis, the inside-out signaling of PECAM1 is somehow disabled so that the apoptotic cell does not actively reject the phagocyte anymore. The lack of this repulsion signal together with the interaction of the eat-me signals and their respective receptors causes the attachment of the apoptotic cell to the phagocyte, thus triggering the process of engulfment). Isoform Delta15 is unable to protect against apoptosis. Modulates BDKRB2 activation. Regulates bradykinin- and hyperosmotic shock-induced ERK1/2 activation in human umbilical cord vein cells (HUVEC).


Catalog Number: (10814-172)
Supplier: Prosci
Description: Suppresses apoptosis in a variety of cell systems including factor-dependent lymphohematopoietic and neural cells. Regulates cell death by controlling the mitochondrial membrane permeability. Appears to function in a feedback loop system with caspases. Inhibits caspase activity either by preventing the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and/or by binding to the apoptosis-activating factor (APAF-1).


Catalog Number: (10071-782)
Supplier: Prosci
Description: Apoptotic protease activating factor 1. Apaf-1 is a cytoplasmic protein that initiates apoptosis. This protein contains several copies of the WD-40 domain, a caspase recruitment domain (CARD), and an ATPase domain (NB-ARC). Upon binding cytochrome c and dATP, this protein forms an oligomeric apoptosome. The apoptosome binds and cleaves caspase 9 preproprotein, releasing its mature, activated form. Activated caspase 9 stimulates the subsequent caspase cascade that commits the cell to apoptosis. Alternative splicing results in several transcript variants encoding different isoforms.


Catalog Number: (89359-766)
Supplier: Genetex
Description: Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases that are key mediators of programmed cell death or apoptosis. The precursor form of all caspases is composed of a prodomain, and large and small catalytic subunits. The active forms of caspases are generated by several stimuli including ligand-receptor interactions, growth factor deprivation and inhibitors of cellular functions. All known caspases require cleavage adjacent to aspartates to liberate one large and one small subunit, which associate into a2b2 tetramer to form the active enzyme. Gene for Caspase 3 also known as Yama, CPP32, and apopain codes for a 32-kDa protein. Caspase 3 cleaves the death substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) to a specific 85 kDa form observed during apoptosis and is inhibitable by the CrmA protein. Other Caspase 3 substrates include DNA-PK, actin, GAS2, and procaspase-6, etc. Caspase 3 is activated by cleavage events at Asp-28/Ser-29 (between N-terminal pro-domain) and Asp-175/Ser-176 (between large and small subunits) to generate a large subunit of 17-kDa and a small subunit of 12-kDa.


Catalog Number: (102513-250)
Supplier: Adipogen
Description: Human CD95 (APO-1; Fas) is a type I cell surface glycoprotein that is strongly upregulated on activated T cells, B cells, NK cells and thymocytes. CD95 plays an important role in programmed cell death or apoptosis. Apoptosis appears to be a mechanism for regulating the immune response.

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Catalog Number: (10274-720)
Supplier: Bioss
Description: Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF10A/TRAILR1, TNFRSF10B/TRAILR2, TNFRSF10C/TRAILR3, TNFRSF10D/TRAILR4 and possibly also to TNFRSF11B/OPG. Induces apoptosis. Its activity may be modulated by binding to the decoy receptors TNFRSF10C/TRAILR3, TNFRSF10D/TRAILR4 and TNFRSF11B/OPG that cannot induce apoptosis.


Catalog Number: (76098-428)
Supplier: Bioss
Description: Cleaves P(1)-P(3)-bis(5'-adenosyl) triphosphate (Ap3A) to yield AMP and ADP. Can also hydrolyze P(1)-P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate (Ap4A), but has extremely low activity with ATP. Modulates transcriptional activation by CTNNB1 and thereby contributes to regulate the expression of genes essential for cell proliferation and survival, such as CCND1 and BIRC5. Plays a role in the induction of apoptosis via SRC and AKT1 signaling pathways. Inhibits MDM2-mediated proteasomal degradation of p53/TP53 and thereby plays a role in p53/TP53-mediated apoptosis. Induction of apoptosis depends on the ability of FHIT to bind P(1)-P(3)-bis(5'-adenosyl) triphosphate or related compounds, but does not require its catalytic activity, it may in part come from the mitochondrial form, which sensitizes the low-affinity Ca(2+) transporters, enhancing mitochondrial calcium uptake. Functions as tumor suppressor.


Catalog Number: (10239-770)
Supplier: Bioss
Description: Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for fibroblast growth factors and plays an essential role in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis, and in the regulation of embryonic development. Required for normal embryonic patterning, trophoblast function, limb bud development, lung morphogenesis, osteogenesis and skin development. Plays an essential role in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, and is required for normal skeleton development. Promotes cell proliferation in keratinocytes and immature osteoblasts, but promotes apoptosis in differentiated osteoblasts. Phosphorylates PLCG1, FRS2 and PAK4. Ligand binding leads to the activation of several signaling cascades. Activation of PLCG1 leads to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Phosphorylation of FRS2 triggers recruitment of GRB2, GAB1, PIK3R1 and SOS1, and mediates activation of RAS, MAPK1/ERK2, MAPK3/ERK1 and the MAP kinase signaling pathway, as well as of the AKT1 signaling pathway. FGFR2 signaling is down-regulated by ubiquitination, internalization and degradation. Mutations that lead to constitutive kinase activation or impair normal FGFR2 maturation, internalization and degradation lead to aberrant signaling. Over-expressed FGFR2 promotes activation of STAT1.


Supplier: Adipogen
Description: The compound (Akt-I-1) inhibits only Akt1 (IC(50) 4.6 µM) and does not inhibit AKT2, or AKT3. The compound is a reversible inhibitor, and exhibits a linear mixed-type inhibition against ATP and peptide substrate. In addition to inhibiting kinase activity of AKT1 isoform, AKT-I-1 blocked the phosphorylation and activation of AKT1 by PDK1 (phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1). The inhibitor was found to be cell-active and to block phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308 and Ser473, reduce the levels of active Akt in cells, block the phosphorylation of known Akt substrates and promote TRAIL (tumour-necrosis-factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand)-induced apoptosis in LNCap prostate cancer cells.

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