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Description: TRAIL/Apo2L is a cytotoxic protein, which activates rapid apoptosis in tumor cells, but not in normal cells. TRAIL induced apoptosis is achieved through binding to two death-signaling receptors, DR4 and DR5. These receptors belong to the TNFR superfamily of transmembrane proteins and contain a cytoplasmic "death domain", which activates the cell's apoptotic machinery. Recombinant human soluble TRAIL/Apo2L is a 168 amino acid polypeptide (19.6 kDa), consisting of the TNF homologous portion of the extracellular domain of the full length TRAIL/Apo2L protein.

Catalog Number: 10072-890

Supplier: Prosci

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Description: Acts as a tumor suppressor in many tumor types; induces growth arrest or apoptosis depending on the physiological circumstances and cell type. Involved in cell cycle regulation as a trans-activator that acts to negatively regulate cell division by controlling a set of genes required for this process. One of the activated genes is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases. Apoptosis induction seems to be mediated either by stimulation of BAX and FAS antigen expression, or by repression of Bcl-2 expression. In cooperation with mitochondrial PPIF is involved in activating oxidative stress-induced necrosis; the function is largely independent of transcription. Induces the transcription of long intergenic non-coding RNA p21 (lincRNA-p21) and lincRNA-Mkln1. LincRNA-p21 participates in TP53-dependent transcriptional repression leading to apoptosis and seem to have to effect on cell-cycle regulation. Implicated in Notch signaling cross-over. Prevents CDK7 kinase activity when associated to CAK complex in response to DNA damage, thus stopping cell cycle progression. Isoform 2 enhances the transactivation activity of isoform 1 from some but not all TP53-inducible promoters. Isoform 4 suppresses transactivation activity and impairs growth suppression mediated by isoform 1. Isoform 7 inhibits isoform 1-mediated apoptosis.

Catalog Number: 76098-398

Supplier: Bioss

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Description: Toso Antibody: Apoptosis is an important process by which normal tissue homeostasis and function are maintained. One of the major signals that regulate this process is mediated by the activation of the Fas receptor by its ligand. This leads to the formation of a Fas-associated death domain (FADD)- containing death-inducing signaling complex and the activation of caspase-8, which in turn activates downstream effector caspases, such as caspase-3 and -7. Recent experiments have shown that overexpression of Toso, a novel regulator of Fas-induced apoptosis in lymphoid cells, in Jurkat cells as well as transgenic mice render these cells resistant to Fas-induced apoptosis but not to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, Toso was found to associate with FADD, suggesting that Toso functions by disrupting the formation of the death-inducing signaling complex.

Catalog Number: 10749-384

Supplier: Prosci

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Description: Intracellular channel that mediates calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum following stimulation by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Plays a role in ER stress-induced apoptosis. Cytoplasmic calcium released from the ER triggers apoptosis by the activation of CaM kinase II, eventually leading to the activation of downstream apoptosis pathways (By similarity).

Catalog Number: 76109-008

Supplier: Bioss

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Description: Caspase-9 Antibody: Apoptosis is related to many diseases and induced by a family of cell death receptors and their ligands. Cell death signals are transduced by death domain containing adapter molecules and members of the caspase family of proteases. A novel member in the caspase family was recently identified and designated ICE-LAP6, Mch6, and Apaf-3. Caspase-9 and Apaf-1 bind to each other, which leads to caspase-9 activation. Caspase-9 is also activated by granzyme B and CPP32. Activated caspase-9 cleaves and activates caspase-3 that is one of the key proteases, being responsible for the proteolytic cleavage of many key proteins in apoptosis. Caspase-9 play a central role in cell death induced by a wide variety of apoptosis activators including TNF alpha , TRAIL, anti-CD-95, FADD, and TRADD. Caspase-9 is expressed in a variety of human tissues.

Catalog Number: 89415-296

Supplier: Prosci

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Description: Caspase-9 Antibody: Apoptosis is related to many diseases and induced by a family of cell death receptors and their ligands. Cell death signals are transduced by death domain containing adapter molecules and members of the caspase family of proteases. A novel member in the caspase family was recently identified and designated ICE-LAP6, Mch6, and Apaf-3. Caspase-9 and Apaf-1 bind to each other, which leads to caspase-9 activation. Caspase-9 is also activated by granzyme B and CPP32. Activated caspase-9 cleaves and activates caspase-3 that is one of the key proteases, being responsible for the proteolytic cleavage of many key proteins in apoptosis. Caspase-9 play a central role in cell death induced by a wide variety of apoptosis activators including TNFalpha , TRAIL, anti-CD-95, FADD, and TRADD. Caspase-9 is expressed in a variety of human tissues.

Catalog Number: 10749-276

Supplier: Prosci

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Description: May play a role in the immune system processes. Protects cells from FAS-, TNF alpha- and FADD-induced apoptosis without increasing expression of the inhibitors of apoptosis BCL2 and BCLXL. Seems to activate an inhibitory pathway that prevents CASP8 activation following FAS stimulation, rather than blocking apoptotic signals downstream. May inhibit FAS-induced apoptosis by preventing CASP8 processing through CFLAR up-regulation.

Catalog Number: 76101-516

Supplier: Bioss

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Description: Seems to function as a negative regulator of members of the IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis protein) family. Inhibits anti-caspase activity of BIRC4. Induces cleavage and inactivation of BIRC4 independent of caspase activation. Mediates TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis and is involved in apoptosis in trophoblast cells. May inhibit BIRC4 indirectly by activating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. After translocation to mitochondra, promotes translocation of BAX to mitochondria and cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Seems to promote the redistribution of BIRC4 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, probably independent of BIRC4 inactivation which seems to occur in the cytoplasm. The BIRC4-XAF1 complex mediates down-regulation of BIRC5/survivin; the process requires the E3 ligase activity of BIRC4. Seems to be involved in cellular sensitivity to the proapoptotic actions of TRAIL. May be a tumor suppressor by mediating apoptosis resistance of cancer cells (By similarity).

Catalog Number: 10290-684

Supplier: Bioss

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Description: Exonuclease with activity against single- and double-stranded DNA and RNA. Mediates p53-induced apoptosis. When induced by p53 following DNA damage, digests double-stranded DNA to form single-stranded DNA and amplifies DNA damage signals, leading to enhancement of apoptosis.

Catalog Number: 10465-592

Supplier: Bioss

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Description: AIF Antibody: Apoptosis is characterized by several morphological nuclear changes including chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. These changes are triggered by the activation of members of caspase family, caspase activated DNase, and several novel proteins. A novel gene, the product of which causes chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation, was recently identified, cloned, and designated apoptosis inducing factor (AIF). Like the critical molecules, cytochrome c and caspase-9, in apoptosis, AIF localizes in mitochondria. AIF translocates to the nucleus when apoptosis is induced and induces mitochondria to release the apoptogenic proteins cytochrome c and caspase-9. AIF induces chromatin condensation and large scale DNA fragmentation, which are the hallmarks of apoptosis, of the isolated nucleus and the nucleus in live cells by microinjection and apoptosis stimuli. AIF is highly conserved between human and mouse and widely expressed.

Catalog Number: 89415-408

Supplier: Prosci

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Description: Acts as a tumor suppressor in many tumor types; induces growth arrest or apoptosis depending on the physiological circumstances and cell type. Involved in cell cycle regulation as a trans-activator that acts to negatively regulate cell division by controlling a set of genes required for this process. One of the activated genes is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases. Apoptosis induction seems to be mediated either by stimulation of BAX and FAS antigen expression, or by repression of Bcl-2 expression. In cooperation with mitochondrial PPIF is involved in activating oxidative stress-induced necrosis; the function is largely independent of transcription. Induces the transcription of long intergenic non-coding RNA p21 (lincRNA-p21) and lincRNA-Mkln1. LincRNA-p21 participates in TP53-dependent transcriptional repression leading to apoptosis and seem to have to effect on cell-cycle regulation. Implicated in Notch signaling cross-over. Prevents CDK7 kinase activity when associated to CAK complex in response to DNA damage, thus stopping cell cycle progression. Isoform 2 enhances the transactivation activity of isoform 1 from some but not all TP53-inducible promoters. Isoform 4 suppresses transactivation activity and impairs growth suppression mediated by isoform 1. Isoform 7 inhibits isoform 1-mediated apoptosis.

Catalog Number: 10386-510

Supplier: Bioss

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Description: Receptor for TNFSF6/FASLG. The adapter molecule FADD recruits caspase-8 to the activated receptor. The resulting death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs caspase-8 proteolytic activation which initiates the subsequent cascade of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases) mediating apoptosis. FAS-mediated apoptosis may have a role in the induction of peripheral tolerance, in the antigen-stimulated suicide of mature T-cells, or both. The secreted isoforms 2 to 6 block apoptosis (in vitro).

Catalog Number: 10413-364

Supplier: Bioss

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Description: Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. Binding of caspase-9 to Apaf-1 leads to activation of the protease which then cleaves and activates caspase-3. Promotes DNA damage-induced apoptosis in a ABL1/c-Abl-dependent manner. Proteolytically cleaves poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Isoform 2 lacks activity is an dominant-negative inhibitor of caspase-9.

Catalog Number: 10230-000

Supplier: Bioss

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Description: Intracellular channel that mediates calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum following stimulation by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Plays a role in ER stress-induced apoptosis. Cytoplasmic calcium released from the ER triggers apoptosis by the activation of CaM kinase II, eventually leading to the activation of downstream apoptosis pathways (By similarity).

Catalog Number: 10664-982

Supplier: Bioss

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Description: Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. Binding of caspase-9 to Apaf-1 leads to activation of the protease which then cleaves and activates caspase-3. Promotes DNA damage-induced apoptosis in a ABL1/c-Abl-dependent manner. Proteolytically cleaves poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Isoform 2 lacks activity is an dominant-negative inhibitor of caspase-9.

Catalog Number: 10485-976

Supplier: Bioss

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Description: Apaf-1 is a cytoplasmic protein that forms one of the central hubs in the apoptosis regulatory network. It contains (from the N terminal) a caspase recruitment domain (CARD), an ATPase domain (NB-ARC), few short helical domains and then several copies of the WD40 repeat domain. Upon binding cytochrome c and dATP, this protein forms an oligomeric apoptosome, mediates the cytochrome c-dependent autocatalytic activation of pro-caspase-9 (Apaf-3), leading to the activation of caspase-3 and apoptosis.

Catalog Number: 75792-924

Supplier: Prosci

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