You Searched For: Lipopolysaccharides

Catalog Number: (89415-786)

Supplier: Prosci

Description: Caspase-5 Antibody: Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases that can be divided into the apoptotic and inflammatory caspase subfamilies. Unlike the apoptotic caspases, members of the inflammatory subfamily are generally not involved in cell death but are associated with the immune response to microbial pathogens. Members of this subfamily include caspase-1, -4, -5, and -12. Activation of these caspases results in the cleavage and activation of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 beta and IL-18. Caspase-5 can interact with caspase-1; both are constituents of the NALP1 inflammasome, a complex that can trigger the cleavage of pro-IL-1 beta. Expression of caspase-5 can be regulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IFN-gamma.

Catalog Number: (76083-606)

Supplier: Bioss

Description: Molecular chaperone that promotes the maturation, structural maintenance and proper regulation of specific target proteins involved for instance in cell cycle control and signal transduction. Undergoes a functional cycle that is linked to its ATPase activity. This cycle probably induces conformational changes in the client proteins, thereby causing their activation. Interacts dynamically with various co-chaperones that modulate its substrate recognition, ATPase cycle and chaperone function. Binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) et mediates LPS-induced inflammatory response, including TNF secretion by monocytes.

Catalog Number: (100243-586)

Supplier: Southern Biotechnology

Description: CD54, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface receptors and also known as Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1), is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates important cell/cell interactions. CD54 is expressed on endothelial cells, dendritic cells, keratinocytes, and lymphocytes. Its expression is upregulated by inflammatory mediators such as IFN γ, IL-1, TNF-α, lipopolysaccharide, and phorbol esters. Endothelial CD54 contributes to the extravasation of leukocytes from blood vessels, particularly in areas of inflammation. CD54 on antigen-presenting cells contributes to antigen-specific T-cell activation, presumably by enhancing interactions between T cell and antigen-presenting cells. These adhesion reactions are mediated via the binding of CD54 to its major ligands, LFA-1 and Mac-1.

Catalog Number: (75934-628)

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Description: The interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 (IFIT1) protein is a member of a family of tetratricopeptide repeat-containing proteins whose transcription is upregulated by interferons, virus infection, and molecular patterns such as dsRNA or lipopolysaccharides (1,2). These proteins have been suggested to induce anti-viral cellular activities in response to infection (2). Together with the interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1), IFIT1 inhibits the replication of the Hepatitis C virus, suggesting that it may be useful in the development of therapeutic treatments (3).

Catalog Number: (10252-756)

Supplier: Bioss

Description: ESE-1, a member of the Ets family of transcription factors, critically regulates epithelial cell differentiation and mediates vascular inflammation. ESE-1 is strongly expressed in vascular endothelium and smooth muscle cells where it is induced in response to inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharides, interacts with NF-KappaB to induce nitric oxide synthase, and is induced during terminal differentiation of epidermal and primary keratinocytes. In addition, ESE-1 is upregulated upon differentiation of corneal epithelium and interacts with Sp1 and AP-1 proteins to induce squamous differentiation marker expression in bronchial epithelial cells.

Catalog Number: (10362-448)

Supplier: Bioss

Description: Receptor for the C-X-C chemokine CXCL12/SDF-1 that transduces a signal by increasing intracellular calcium ion levels and enhancing MAPK1/MAPK3 activation. Acts as a receptor for extracellular ubiquitin; leading to enhanced intracellular calcium ions and reduced cellular cAMP levels. Involved in hematopoiesis and in cardiac ventricular septum formation. Also plays an essential role in vascularization of the gastrointestinal tract, probably by regulating vascular branching and/or remodeling processes in endothelial cells. Involved in cerebellar development. In the CNS, could mediate hippocampal-neuron survival. Acts as a coreceptor (CD4 being the primary receptor) for HIV-1 X4 isolates and as a primary receptor for some HIV-2 isolates. Promotes Env-mediated fusion of the virus. Binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) et mediates LPS-induced inflammatory response, including TNF secretion by monocytes.

Supplier: Biotium

Description: This antibody recognizes a protein of 55 kDa, identified as CD14 (also known lipopolysaccharide receptor). CD14 is expressed strongly on monocytes and macrophage and weakly on the surface of neutrophils. CD14 is anchored to cells by linkage to glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) and functions as a high affinity receptor for complexes of LPS and LPS binding protein (LBP). Soluble CD14, also binding to LPS, acts at physiological concentration as an LPS agonist and has, at higher concentrations, an LPS antagonizing effect in cell activation.

CF® dyes are Biotium's next-generation fluorescent dyes. CF®640R is a far-red fluorescent dye (Ex/Em 642/662 nm) with excellent brightness, and the best photostabiity among spectrally-similar dyes.

Catalog Number: (10751-772)

Supplier: Prosci

Description: PLA1A Antibody: PLA1A is a phospholipase that hydrolyzes fatty acids at the sn-1 position of phosphatidylserine and 1-acyl-2-lysophosphatidylserine. This secreted protein hydrolyzes phosphatidylserine (PS) in liposomes and can also hydrolyze PS in apoptotic cells and activate platelets where the resulting 2-acyl-lysophosphatidylserine acts as a lipid mediator for mast cells, T cells, and neural cells, suggesting that a major function of PLA1A may be the production of lysophospholipid mediators. PLA1A is upregulated in rat peripheral blood cells bearing long-term surviving cardiac allograft. PLA1A is also expressed in human THP-1-derived macrophages and this expression is upregulated in cells treated with lipopolysaccharide, a TLR4 ligand. This upregulation is inhibited with corticosteroids, which are often used at high dosages to suppress chronic allograft rejection.

Catalog Number: (10252-760)

Supplier: Bioss

Description: ESE-1, a member of the Ets family of transcription factors, critically regulates epithelial cell differentiation and mediates vascular inflammation. ESE-1 is strongly expressed in vascular endothelium and smooth muscle cells where it is induced in response to inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharides, interacts with NF-KappaB to induce nitric oxide synthase, and is induced during terminal differentiation of epidermal and primary keratinocytes. In addition, ESE-1 is upregulated upon differentiation of corneal epithelium and interacts with Sp1 and AP-1 proteins to induce squamous differentiation marker expression in bronchial epithelial cells.

Supplier: Biotium

Description: This antibody recognizes a protein of 55 kDa, identified as CD14 (also known lipopolysaccharide receptor). CD14 is expressed strongly on monocytes and macrophage and weakly on the surface of neutrophils. CD14 is anchored to cells by linkage to glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) and functions as a high affinity receptor for complexes of LPS and LPS binding protein (LBP). Soluble CD14, also binding to LPS, acts at physiological concentration as an LPS agonist and has, at higher concentrations, an LPS antagonizing effect in cell activation.

CF® dyes are Biotium's next-generation fluorescent dyes. CF®488A is a green fluorescent dye (Ex/Em 490/515 nm) with excellent brightness and photostability. The dye is minimally charged for less non-specific binding. CF®488A also is compatible with super-resolution imaging by TIRF.

Supplier: Enzo Life Sciences

Description: Nuclear factor kappa-B (NFk) B) functions as a sequence specific transcriptional activator that binds to the intronic enhancer of kappa light chain gene in B lymphocytes. NF-kB is a heterodimer consisting of a 50 kDa DNA binding subunit (p50) and a 65 kDa transactivation subunit (p65/RelA) (ref. 3), both of which exhibit sequence homology to the protooncogene c-Rel. p50 has an isoform called p49/p52, and both proteins derive from the amino-terminal of precursor protein p105 and p100, respectively. The p50/p65 heterodimer remains in inactive form in the cytosol as a complex with its inhibitor, IkB. Upon stimulation of cells by a variety of stimuli, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor, and viral infection, IkB becomes phosphorylated and degraded by the proteosome. The active NF-kB heterodimer translocates into the nucleus and induces gene expression.

Catalog Number: (10749-654)

Supplier: Prosci

Description: BTK Antibody: Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) was initially identified as a member of the src family for protein-tyrosine kinases that was involved in X-linked agamma-globulinaemia, and has since been shown to involved in a number of signaling pathways in hemapoietic lineage. It has recently been shown to interact with members of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family such as TLR4, 6, 8, and 9. The TLRs are critical molecules in both the innate and adaptive immunity and can recognize diverse microbial pathogens. BTK has also been shown to interact with key proteins involved in TLR4 signal transduction such as MyD88, TIRAP, and IRAK, but not TRAF-6, suggesting that BTK is involved in lipopolysaccharide signal transduction.

Catalog Number: (75844-146)

Supplier: BIOGEMS INTERNATIONAL INC.

Description: The A20 monoclonal antibody reacts with the leukocytes of the CD45.1-expressing mouse strains (DA, SJL/J, RIII, and STS/A). It does not cross-react with cells that express CD45.2. The CD45 molecule is a member of the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTP) family, because its intracellular region contains two PTP domains. The extracellular region’s variability is caused by different levels of glycosylation, and the splicing of the 4, 5, and 6 exons. The isoforms found in the mouse strains depend on the activation state, maturation stage and cell type, and are very important in B and T lymphocytes antigen receptor signal transduction. The A20 antibody inhibits some of the B lymphocytes responses, from CD45.1-expressing mice, to lipopolysaccharides and antigens.

Catalog Number: (10238-976)

Supplier: Bioss

Description: This gene encodes a member of the taxilin family. The encoded protein binds to the C-terminal coiled-coil region of syntaxin family members 1A, 3A and 4A, and may play a role in intracellular vesicle trafficking. This gene is up-regulated by lipopolysaccharide and the gene product may be involved in cell cycle regulation. The related mouse protein was also shown to inhibit activating transcription factor 4-mediated transcription and thus regulate bone mass accrual. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009].

Catalog Number: (102513-890)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Interleukin-22 (IL-22), also known as IL-10 related T cell derived inducible factor (ILTIF) was initially identified as a gene induced by IL-9 in mouse T cells and mast cells. IL-22 has been shown to activate STAT1 and STAT3 in several hepatoma cell lines and upregulate the production of acute phase proteins. IL-22 is produced by normal T cells upon anti-CD3 stimulation in humans. Mouse IL-22 expression is also induced in various organs upon lipopolysaccharide injection, suggesting that IL-22 may be involved in inflammatory responses. The functional IL-22 receptor complex consists of two receptor subunits, IL-22R(CRF29) and IL-10Rbeta(CRF24), belonging to the class II cytokine receptor family.

Catalog Number: (10802-276)

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Description: Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases that can be divided into the apoptotic and inflammatory caspase subfamilies. Unlike the apoptotic caspases, members of the inflammatory subfamily are generally not involved in cell death but are associated with the immune response to microbial pathogens. Members of this subfamily include caspase-1, -4, -5, and -12. Activation of these caspases results in the cleavage and activation of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1b and IL-18. Caspase-5 can interact with caspase-1; both are constituents of the NALP1 inflammasome, a complex that can trigger the cleavage of pro-IL-1b. Expression of caspase-5 can be regulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IFN-gamma.